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Lot # 428 - Nero with Poppaea. AE 20 mm. Thyatira mint, Lydia, c. 62 AD. Obv. NЄPΩN KΛAYΔIOC KAICAP CЄBACTOC. Laureate head of Nero right. Rev. ΠOΠΠAIAN CЄBACTHN ΘYATIPHNOI. Draped bust of Poppaea right. RPC I 2383. AE. 3.10 g. RR. Very rare. An outstanding example, in excellent condition for the issue. Superb glossy olive-green patina. About EF. Ex Gaudoury 2012,142. The second wife of Nero, Poppaea Sabina, is described by the historian Tacitus as having possessed “every asset except goodness”. She was a beautiful young woman with hair the colour of amber, who was rumored to have bathed in the milk of asses. Tacitus continues: “ From her mother, the loveliest woman of her day, she inherited distinction and beauty. Her wealth, too, was equal to her birth. She was clever and pleasant to talk to. She seemed respectable. But her life was depraved (…). To her, married or bachelor bedfellow were alike. She was indifferent to her reputation- yet insensible to men's love, and herself unloving. Advantage dictated the bestowal of her favours.” Poppaea (…) originally was married to the praetorian prefect Rufrius Crispinus, by whom she bore a child. But she was seduced away from Crispinus by the futur emperor Otho, an extravagant young man who was one of Nero's closest friends. This seduction was quickly transformed into marriage (…). In 58 Nero seduced Poppaea and sent Otho to govern Lusitania so as to distance him from Rome. For the next four years Nero continued to tolerate his politically important but personally unfulfilling marriage to Claudia Octavia (…). Both Nero and Poppaea dissolved their existing marriages in 62, and 12 days later they were married (…). In short order the royal couple produced a daughter, Claudia Neronis, who was born at Antium, probably early in 63. Nero's joy was so great that the infant was hailed Augusta along with her mother (…) but Claudia died four months later. By 65 Poppaea had become pregnant again, and Nero could anticipate having a child to replace Claudia and possibly an heir to the throne. However, in the summer of that year, after having been chastised for returning so late from the races, Nero delivered a swift to Poppaea's stomach that proved fatal for both mother and fetus. By all accounts, Nero loved Poppaea deeply and was anxiously awaiting the birth of their second child, which have led some to believe the kick was “disguided”. After this grave national disaster, Nero promptly deified Poppaea as well as her unborned child. Although Poppaea possessed certain enviable attributes, few mourned her death. The death of Poppaea marked the beginning of Nero's period of great cruelty, which would last three years before he was finally murdered. Poppaea is represented on provincial coinages struck by Nero in Egypt and other provinces. On Imperial coinage she seems to mark one appearance, standing next to Nero on a reverse type inscribed AVGVSTVS AVGVSTA (though the empress may be Statilia Messalina). (D. L. Vagi. Coinage and History of the Roman Empire, vol. I History, p. 171-2).
Lot # 441 - Nerva (96-98). AE Sestertius, Rome mint, 97 AD. Obv. IMP NERVA CAES AVG PM TR P COS III PP. Laureate head right. Rev. VEHICVLATIONE ITALIAE REMISSA SC. Two mules grazing, one left, one right; behind, high-wheeled cart, with pole and harness, tipped up and pointing slightly to right. RIC II 93; C. 143. AE. 29.22 g. 35.00 mm. R. Rare and interesting type. A very attractive example. Superb portrait, lovely even emerald green patina. Good VF. Communication had always been a critical element in the maintenance and growth of empires, and all ancient civilizations struggled with its associated problems. Romans were famous as innovators in communication and transportation, and much of their success was predicated on their ingenuity in these regards. Augustus founded the imperial postal system as an eventual replacement for the traditional system of tabellarii, or private messengers. This was a bold manoeuvre, as the public postal system was meant to service the whole empire. However, the bulk of the traffic involved governmental communications, and Augustus did not provide for its full maintenance in the Imperial budget. With the passage of time these matters were not corrected, and were generally made worse. A regular part of this system was the local requisitioning of vehicles, animals and provisions from the private sector. These frequent impositions were resented by those afflicted, as they obstructed citizens from attending to their own tasks, and in the end those citizens likely were not compensated or were under-compensated for the actual cost of the impositions. The system was administered, variously, by government officials, imperial contractors and local magistrates; abuses were commonplace. Apparently Domitian was especially abusive in this regard, so Nerva freed the people from this burden by assuring that the cost of the government’s communication network was assumed by the government. Nerva celebrates his popular reform on this sestertius, which is inscribed VEHICVLATIONE ITALIAE REMISSA. Later in the empire this system, the cursus publicus, became one of the largest governmental institutions of antiquity. On this spectacular sestertius we see the mules and their accoutrements in rare detail. Most interesting, perhaps, is the high-wheeled cart behind the mules with its pole-and-harnesses trapping resting upright. The scene is placid, with the horses grazing and the vehicle out of commission. The decision to depict a rather idyllic scene, as opposed to showing a mule-cart on the move, is a perfect reflection of the inscription, which itself refers to the remission of the burden. (NAC 46, 551 note).