Banner Artemide eLive Auktion 44
Dritto moneta Rovescio moneta
Dritto Rovescio
Lotto n. 674
The Lombards at Pavia. Liutprand (712-744 AD). AV Tremissis. D/ [DN LIV]TPRΛ. Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right; T to right; on bust, Rx ligate. R/ SCS MIHIL. St. Michael, winged, standing left, holding staff ending in trefoil and round shield. CNI 19. AV. 1.21 g. 21 mm. R. VF. The Lombards were a Germanic people whose existence was already recorded by Tacitus. By the beginning of the sixth century, they had established themselves in Pannonia and had embraced Arian Christianity. In 568-569 AD, they launched their invasion of Italy, rapidly gaining control of the territory stretching from the Alps to the Po Valley, an area that would later become known as Lombardy. Under King Alboin, Pavia became the capital of their kingdom in 571 AD. After the death of Alboin’s successor in 574 AD, the Lombard dukes failed to agree on a new ruler, leading to a ten-year period without a king. During this time, two autonomous Lombard duchies emerged at Spoleto and Benevento.

Apart from the reign of Liutprand (712-744 AD), the Lombard kings were generally unable to exercise strong and effective authority, and the kingdom was ultimately conquered by Charlemagne in 774 AD. The Duchy of Benevento, meanwhile, prospered under its earliest dukes, Zotto and Arichis (571-641 AD), extending its influence over much of southern Italy, with the exception of Apulia and Calabria. Its position later weakened as it faced repeated conflicts with the Lombard kingdom, the Carolingians, the Byzantines, the Papal States, and eventually Arab forces. Following the assassination of Sicard in 839 AD, a civil war caused the larger duchy to fragment. Thereafter, a succession of minor Lombard rulers intermittently governed a much-reduced Benevento until the middle of the eleventh century.

The Lombard Duchy of Spoleto experienced similar pressures, being repeatedly threatened by neighboring powers. It eventually lost its independence when it fell under Charlemagne’s control in 776 AD. In contrast to Lombardy and Benevento, however, no coinage is known to have been issued by the Duchy of Spoleto.
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