The Lombards at Pavia. Liutprand (712-744 AD). AV Tremissis

Lotto n. 458

The Lombards at Pavia. Liutprand (712-744 AD). AV Tremissis. D/ VM LIVTPRHT. Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right; T to right. R/ SCSII HΛHIL. St. Michael, winged, standing left, holding staff ending in trefoil and round shield. Bernareggi 116 var. (legends); cf. Bernareggi, Moneta 8; Cf. MEC 1, 322. AV. 1.17 g. 22.5 mm. R. Rare. In very good condition for issue. Good VF/About EF. The Lombards were a Germanic people who were known since the time of Tacitus. By the early sixth century the Lombards had settled in Pannonia, and adopted the Arian religion. In 568 AD/9, the Lombards began to invade Italy and quickly took control of the region from the Alps to the Po valley (later known as Lombardy), and established their capital at Pavia in 571 AD under their king, Alboin. Following the death of his successor in 574 AD, the dukes could not agree on a new king, resulting in an interregnum of ten years. During this interval, two other independent Lombard duchies were founded in Spoleto and Benevento. With the exception of Liutprand (712-744 AD), the kings of Lombardy were weak and ineffectual, and the kingdom was finally crushed by Charlemagne in 774 AD. The Lombards of Benevento thrived under its first dukes, Zotto and Arichis (571-641 AD), and its control expanded to the whole of southern Italy except Apulia and Calabria. Afterward, the hostilities of Lombardy, followed by the Carolingians, Byzantines, Papal States, and finally the Arab invaders, kept Benevento on the defensive, and its power waned. A civil war following the murder of Sicard in 839 AD resulted in the breakup of the greater duchy, and a number of insignificant Lombard dukes intermittently ruled over a greatly reduced Benevento until the mid-eleventh century. Like Benevento, the Lombard duchy of Spoleto was constantly assailed from all sides, and lost its independence after falling to Charlemagne in 776 AD. Unlike Lombardy and Benevento, Spoleto has no known coinage. (CNG inv. n. 998953).

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